DLG

http://www.georgiaspatial.org/?page_id=94

The DLG stands for digital line graph. They contain a wide variety of information including boundaries, roads, utility lines, etc.  This DLG shows railways, airports, road segments, etc.

DRG

http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/factsheets/fs08801.html

A digital raster graphic is a scanned image of the U.S. geological survey standard series topographic map.  The image inside the neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Universal Transverse Mercator projection.  The color values are standard.  The georeferencing process removes errors caused by stretching and shrinking of materials.  In general, errors are small.

isopleths

http://www.krisweb.com/kristenmile/krisdb/html/krisweb/maps/geomap_ten.htm

These are contour lines that depict a variable which cannot be measured at a point, but which instead must be calculated from date collected over an area. Population density is one example.  This image shows the rainfall isopleths for the Ten Mile River watershed.

isopachs

http://seeps.geol.ucsb.edu/pages/isopach.html

The contours that make up an isopach map display the thickness of a rock unit as apposed to the true veritcal thickness. They are of equal thickness over an area.  This image shows the thickness of overburden on the ocean floor and the increasingly pink colors represent greater sediment thickness.

isohyets

http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/AK0808/S00090.htm

isohyets are lines drawn on a map connecting points that receive equal amounts of rainfall.  The isohyet contours shown above are showing the month's rainfall in 10mm bands.

isotachs

http://www.crh.noaa.gov/iwx/?n=superoutbreak_meteorology

these are lines on a given surface that connect points with equal wind speed.  They are normally represented on surfaces of constant elevation.  The wind isotachs in the image are the dashed red contours and color fill.

isobar

http://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/Sect14/Sect14_1c.html

An isobar is an imaginary line or a line on a map or chart connecting or marking places of equal barometric pressure.  This is a map of the U.S. that shows the isobarsar 500 millibars.

LIDAR

http://imaging.geocomm.com/gallery/

Light Detection And Ranging is an optical remote sensing technology that measures properties of scattered light to find range and/or other information of a distant target. It uses pulses, rather than radio waves, to measure the time delay between transmission and detection of the signal.  This image is of ground zero from 3,300 ft.

Doppler Radar

http://www.stuffintheair.com/Doppler-radar-weather.html

Doppler radar is a specialized radar that makes use of the doppler effect to produce velocity data about objects at a distance.   It is used to trach the weather.  However, it cannot detect any lateral movement; so it does not know the difference between perpendicular wind or no wind. 

Black and White aerial photo

http://www.mvp.usace.army.mil/environment/default.asp?pageid=1007

These types of photos are taken by satellites and are used for mapping, resource planning, engineering, land use planning and agricultural monitoring.  This is a black and white aerial of Pigs Eye Lake in St. Paul, Minnesota.

infrared aerial photo

http://ecosystems.mbl.edu/pie/data/map/MAP.htm

This type of photography can be used to document changes to the environment as well as tell the health of forests, wetlands, etc.  This is a photo of the mouth of the Parker River and Northern Plum Island Sound in Newbury Massachusetts.

Cartographic animations

http://www.wiu.edu/users/cre111/older/CGFinal/paper.htm
Its basic goal is the depiction of change, normally over time. 
This cartographic animation is of two locations in a test area that were chosen to be the endpoints for a hypothetical path around a mountain. 

Statistical Maps

http://personalpages.manchester.ac.uk/staff/m.dodge/cybergeography/atlas/census.html

A map where the variation in quantities of a factor in a geographic area is indicated.  This is a statistical map of the growth rates of the internet in Africa. 

Cartograms

http://www-personal.umich.edu/~mejn/election/2008/

A cartogram is a map in which a variable is substituted for land area or distance.  The geometry or space is distorted to convey information of the alternate variable.  This map compares Republican and Democratic votes.

flow map

http://www.mundi.net/maps/maps_014/

These are a mix of maps and flow charts.  They show an objects movement from one location to another.  Examples are numbers in migration or the amount of goods being traded.  They can be used to display movement of both tangible and intangible things.  This image shows the flow of telecommunications.  The thickness of the lines is proportional to the annual volume of traffic between those two countries, meausred in millions of minutes of voice telecommunication.

Isoline Map

http://indiemaps.com/blog/2008/06/isolining-package-for-actionscript-3/

An isoline map is a map that has continuous lines joining points of the same value. It is used to determine the information on some thematic maps.  Some examples of values that may be joined are, altitude or contour lines, temperature or isotherms, and baromic pressure or isobars.  This isoline map portreys temperatures across the U.S.

Proportional Circle Map

http://www.neiu.edu/~ejhowens/377/examples.htm

The area of the circle represents the value of an attribute.  This map shows the Mexican population, in the Western states, with spheres/volumes.

Choropleth Map

http://courses.washington.edu/info424/Labs/ChoroplethMap.html

These maps reveal patterns within data.  They provide an easy way to visualize how a measurement differs across a geographic region.  Areas are shaded in proportion to the measurement of the statistics being displayed.  This map displays the forecast for change in jobs over one year based on 3rd quarter 2010 vs. 3rd quarter 2009 results.

Dot Distribution Map

http://www.mobot.org/jwcross/duckweed/Habitat/geography.html

They are useful in helping to show populations.  They rely on visual scatter to show spatial pattern.  Here, each dot represents an area of duckweed occurrence.

Propaganda Map

http://www.alternatehistory.com/discussion/showthread.php?t=137870

These maps are used to persuade people to think one way or another.  They were popular during WWI and II.  Cartographers must be very persuasive and use scale, projection and design and layout.  This particular map is depicting Austria and Germany as humans being attacked by monsters of the surrounding powers.

Hypsometric Maps

http://www.earthexplorer.com/2009-03/Subsurface_Geology_Challenges_Goiania_Metro.asp
A map that gives elevarions by contour,s or sometimes means of shading or tinting.  This is a hypsometric map of the Goiania Metropolitan Region.  Elevation is indicated by colors.

PLSS Maps

http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~alfrankl/landrecords.htm

Stands for Public Land Survey Section.  These maps are used to divide up public lands that are owned by the Federal Government. This PLSS map shows all townships of Alabama.  Franklin county is in blue.

Cadastral Map

http://www.spaceage.co.in/cadastral-surveys.php

Provides detailed information about real property within a specific area.  An example could be of a neighborhood that shows the boundaries of all the lots.  The boundaries of these lots are represented by lines on maps, often described by bearings or azimuths and distances, or by coordinates.  The primary purpose of these maps is to protect land rights. 

http://www.creativemappingsolutions.com/maps/thematic/thematic1.html

A map or chart that shows a connection between a particular theme and a specific geographic area.  This Thematic map illustrates the breakdown of Hawaii land reserves, as well as ownership and function. 

Topographic Map

http://geology.isu.edu/geostac/Field_Exercise/wildfire/topography.htm

A topographic map indicates both horizontal and vertical positions. It's also known as a line map. It is characterized by large scale detail. This map image is one used by firefighters to determine fire direction of travel.  It is important to understand topography to conclude the rate, intensity and direction of a fire.

Planimetric Map

http://www.webs1.uidaho.edu/niatt_labmanual/Chapters/roadwaydesign/theoryandconcepts/SurveysAndMaps.htm

A planimetric map is a map indicating only the horizontal positions of features without regard to elevation.  They are shown in their true relative coordinate positions and are used for preliminary design.

Mental Map

               http://fasica.altervista.org/adam/adam_en.htm

A mental map shows what people know from their memory and experiences. This is a map of Amsterdam drawn by a homeless man.  Stephen's map shows a small area of Amsterdam near a park, musuem, music store and a few other landmarks.  He most likely spends little time outside of this geographic area.  This is what he knows and is familiar with.